Traditional Uses: Traditionally used in Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and folk medicine across India, Southeast Asia, and Africa for over 2,000 years to treat inflammation, infectious diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and digestive complaints; in the Philippines, it is known as “mother’s best friend” for its purported ability to increase breast milk production.
Potential Benefits: May help reduce postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, lower blood pressure, improve lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL), and provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, though high-quality clinical trials remain limited.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data (roots/bark may stimulate uterine contractions); may interact with diabetes medications, levothyroxine, antihypertensives, and CYP3A4 substrates; rare case reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and cutaneous toxicity.
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