Traditional Uses: Traditionally used by Native American tribes and in eclectic medicine as a bitter tonic to stimulate digestion and treat constipation, as a cholagogue for liver and gallbladder conditions, and externally for skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, and acne.
Potential Benefits: May help reduce inflammation and itching associated with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis when applied topically, and its berberine content exhibits antimicrobial, blood sugar-lowering, and cholesterol-improving properties, though high-quality human trials on the whole herb are limited.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding (may affect uterine tone and cross the placenta), use cautiously with diabetes medications, anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), and cyclosporine, and discontinue use at least 2 weeks before surgery due to potential bleeding risk.




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