Traditional Uses: Traditionally used by Native Americans and in European herbalism as an astringent tea for acute diarrhea, dysentery, and sore throats, and as a topical wash for wounds, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and skin inflammations.
Potential Benefits: May provide strong astringent effects due to its high tannin content, helping tighten tissues, reduce inflammation, and relieve acute diarrhea, while exhibiting antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; contraindicated in individuals with kidney or liver disease; for external use only on intact skin (not open wounds) and internal use limited to 3–4 days; high tannin content may cause stomach upset and interfere with iron absorption.




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