Traditional Uses: Traditionally used by Native Americans and in Western herbal medicine as a vermifuge to expel intestinal parasites (threadworms, pinworms), as an astringent for diarrhea and gastrointestinal irritation, and topically for ringworm and yeast infections of the skin.
Potential Benefits: Contains juglone, a compound with demonstrated antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties; may help treat intestinal worms, support digestive health, act as a mild laxative, and provide astringent effects for skin conditions.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; contraindicated in kidney or liver disease, iodine sensitivity, anemia, gallstones, and high blood pressure; do not use with thyroid medications (possible interaction); may cause gastrointestinal upset, nausea, diarrhea, or allergic reactions (contains tree nuts); not recommended for long-term use (exceeds 2 weeks).
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