Traditional Uses: Traditionally used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Indian systems for over 5,000 years as a stimulant, diuretic, astringent for diarrhea, digestive aid, and to promote mental functioning and longevity.
Potential Benefits: May improve antioxidant status and reduce oxidative stress markers (MDA) while increasing TAC, SOD, and GPX ; evidence supports improved memory, executive function, and reduced cognitive decline risk; topical application is FDA-approved for treating anogenital warts.
Warnings: Hepatotoxicity has been reported, particularly with high-dose extracts or consumption on an empty stomach ; contains caffeine which may cause insomnia, anxiety, and rapid heartbeat; avoid excessive amounts during pregnancy ; may reduce warfarin effectiveness and decrease absorption of iron and folic acid.
