Traditional Uses: Traditionally used by indigenous tribes in Peru and South America for over 2,000 years as an anti-inflammatory for arthritis and rheumatism, for treating gastric ulcers and intestinal disorders, as a contraceptive, for wound healing, and to ward off disease by cleansing the kidneys and boosting immunity.
Potential Benefits: May help reduce joint pain and improve function in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, exhibits immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties (via oxindole alkaloids and TNF-alpha inhibition), and shows preliminary antiviral activity against viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and herpes, in laboratory studies.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding (lack of safety data and traditional use as a contraceptive), use cautiously with immunosuppressants (may counteract effects), blood thinners (may increase bleeding risk), and blood pressure medications; may cause mild GI upset (nausea, diarrhea, dizziness) in some individuals.
