Traditional Uses: Traditionally used in European folk medicine for over 2,000 years as an expectorant for coughs, bronchitis, and respiratory congestion, as a bitter digestive tonic for indigestion and loss of appetite, and for treating bloating and flatulence.
Potential Benefits: May help loosen bronchial secretions (expectorant), stimulate digestive juices (bitter tonic), and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, though human clinical research remains limited and is primarily based on traditional use.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy (may stimulate menstruation and cause miscarriage); use cautiously with diabetes and blood pressure medications; large amounts may cause vomiting or irregular heartbeat; caution with gastritis or peptic ulcers.
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