Traditional Uses: Traditionally used in European, Ayurvedic, and Persian medicine as a blood purifier, diuretic, and laxative, and for treating chronic skin conditions like eczema, as well as liver and gallbladder disorders.
Potential Benefits: May have antispasmodic effects on the gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts, increase bile flow to aid digestion, and show anti-inflammatory activity; a 2023 clinical trial also found that it may help reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors.
Warnings: Do not use during pregnancy or breastfeeding; contraindicated in cases of bile duct obstruction, cholangitis, gallstones, or hepatitis; high doses may cause nausea, diarrhea, and, in severe cases, respiratory paralysis.
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