Traditional Uses: Traditionally used in South American herbal medicine by indigenous peoples as a decoction (tea) from the inner bark to treat bacterial and fungal infections, fever, syphilis, malaria, and stomach and bladder disorders.
Potential Benefits: Preliminary studies suggest anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and potential anticancer properties (including inducing cancer cell apoptosis), though most evidence comes from laboratory and animal research with no confirmed human clinical efficacy.
Warnings: Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding (animal studies show fetotoxic and reproductive effects), may increase bleeding risk (interferes with vitamin K), avoid with anticoagulant medications; large doses may cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or anemia.
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