Traditional Uses: Traditionally used by Native American tribes and Eclectic physicians as an expectorant and diaphoretic for pulmonary infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and specifically for the pain and inflammation of pleurisy.
Potential Benefits: May act as an expectorant to loosen bronchial secretions, but no high-quality human studies confirm its efficacy for any condition, and its use is considered possibly unsafe due to its cardiac glycoside content.
Warnings: Contains cardenolides with digitalis-like effects; avoid during pregnancy (may stimulate uterus), breastfeeding, and in individuals with heart conditions or those taking digoxin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or diuretics.
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