Traditional Use: Used by Caribbean and Central American indigenous peoples as a digestive aid, warming tonic, and topical analgesic for muscle pain, arthritis, and toothache.
Potential Benefits: Eugenol-rich volatile oils deliver carminative, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects supporting digestion, pain relief, and immune function.
Warnings: Avoid essential oil internally without professional guidance; may irritate sensitive skin topically; avoid therapeutic doses in pregnancy; may interact with anticoagulant medications.
